哮喘病文献

『壹』 怎样会导致猝死

导致猝死的原因如下：

1、心脏性猝死

研究发现，关于心脏性猝死的原因之一便是心血管功能障碍。在生活中这种猝死是最为常见的，它主要与心律失常严重有关。一些 “健康者”猝死，便是这种情况。

另一方面，吸烟和不运动是导致冠心病猝死危险度上升的两个因素，平时缺乏运动的人，他的猝死的危险程度会比经常运动的人高。

2、中风性猝死

据了解，由于中风而导致的猝死在一般情况下，从发病到死亡的相隔时间可达到数小时至1天。大多数时候中风性猝死是一种止血量多、出血速度快，牵扯着重要生命中枢部位的出血性中风。对于在之前就有中风病史、脑软化的患者来说，发生再度中风导致猝死的可能性会更高也更容易。

3、肺源性猝死

肺源性猝死是一种会因为在夜间出现严重低氧血，呼吸性酸中毒进而猝死的症状，还有就是慢性支气管炎、肺气肿患者，如果使用止喘气雾剂过量，将会出现窒息或缺氧，导致猝死。对于长时间卧床不起的老年人，因为没有较大的力气咳嗽排出痰，也会导致痰栓阻塞气道。

4、噎食性猝死

噎食性猝死表现为：突发性，病人无法言语且面部发紫，两眼上翻，猝然倒下。此症状多为老人。老人因牙病或牙齿缺失，咀嚼功能欠差；老年人的脑血管病变率高；老人嗜酒后容易失去控制；老人食道窄，吞咽食物不顺；老年人情绪不稳，易因受刺激而发生食道痉挛。

(1)哮喘病文献扩展阅读：

如何有效预防与治疗猝死：

1、生活方式的改变包括：戒烟、吸烟、减肥、定期锻炼、遵循心脏健康的饮食、管理糖尿病、管理其他健康状况，包括高血压和胆固醇。

2、通过药物：为了帮助降低心脏骤停的风险，医生可能会为心脏病发作或心力衰竭或心律不齐等心律失常的人开药。这些药物可能包括ACE抑制剂，β-受体阻滞剂，钙通道阻滞剂和其他抗心律失常药。对于高胆固醇和冠状动脉疾病的患者，可以开具他汀类药物。

3、介入手术或手术：对于患有冠状动脉疾病的患者，可能需要进行血管成形术（血管修复）或旁路手术等介入手术，以改善心肌血流量并降低SCD风险。对于患有其他疾病的患者，如肥厚性心肌病或先天性心脏病，可能需要进行介入手术或手术来纠正问题。

『贰』 如何快速治疗风疹块

荨麻疹俗称风疹块。是由于皮肤、黏膜小血管扩张及渗透性增加而出现的一种局限性水肿反应，通常在2～24小时内消退，但反复发生新的皮疹。病程迁延数日至数月。临床上较为常见。这种疾病四季均可发生，尤其以冬季多发。
荨麻疹的病因
1、免疫功能失调：即免疫功能抑制或增强。此时如果有诱发因素存在即可成为荨麻疹的起因。
2、食物及食物添加剂：主要是动物蛋白性食物，如鱼虾蟹等。植物性食物如茄子、竹笋、菠菜、苹果、李子、桃等，加入食中的颜料、调味品、防腐剂也能成为荨麻疹的起因。
3、吸入物：如花粉、动物皮屑、羽毛、真菌孢子、灰尘、甲醛等吸入均可成为荨麻疹的起因，但这些患者伴有呼吸道症状。
4、药物：绝大部份药物是通过变态反应引起的顽固性荨麻疹，常见药物有：血清制品、疫苗等。其发病有一定的潜伏期。而阿司匹林、吗啡、阿托品、维生素B1、多粘菌素等药物本身就是 组胺释放剂，能直接刺激肥大细胞释放组胺而发生荨麻疹。
5、物理因素：如冷热、日光、摩擦和压力等都可引起。此外，胃肠疾病，代谢障碍，内分泌障碍和精神因素亦可引起。
荨麻疹的治疗方法
1、抗过敏益生菌。欣、敏、康抗过敏益生菌可以参与IgE介导的免疫变态反应，通过测定人类树突状细胞与抗过敏益生菌共同培养后可产生有机酸、游离脂肪酸、过氧化氢、细菌素等从而抑制其它有害菌的成长。经过“生物夺氧”使需氧型致病菌大幅度下降，益生菌能够定殖于粘膜、肌肤等外表或细胞之间构成生物屏障，这些屏障能够阻碍病原微生物的定殖，起着占位、抢夺养分、互利共生或对抗效果。抗过敏益生菌欣、敏、康能够影响机体的非特异性免疫功用，进而天然杀伤(NK)细胞的活性，增强免疫球蛋白IgA的排泄，改进皮肤外表或细胞之间构成的的屏障功用。可有效治疗各类型过敏，包括：荨麻疹、过敏性鼻炎、结膜炎、异位性皮肤炎、过敏性哮喘、食物、花粉等过敏症状。
2、抗组织胺类药物。其种类很多，有的有嗜睡作用，有的没有或轻微，根据各人病情，工作，生活情况选用。对驾驶员、高空作业的人员，要选用没有嗜睡作用的，瘙痒重、睡眠不佳，可选用有镇静作用的。对急性荨麻疹轻的可以注射苯海拉明或异丙嗪，同时可口服氯雷他定、西替利嗪、赛庚啶、嗪、扑尔敏等维持。
荨麻疹的护理方法
1、不要使用热毛巾敷皮损处，而且也不要洗热水澡，有些患者觉得用热水洗过之后皮肤会很舒服，但这只是暂时的，实际上这对于皮肤是一种刺激，热会导致患者的血管紧张，反而释放出了更多的过敏源。
2、远离过敏源，患者要找出自己的过敏源是什么，这样才可能有效的远离。同时在生活中不要吃海鲜或是一些高蛋白的食物，千万不要随便乱用药。治疗时要听从医生的嘱咐，消除对疾病的担心，这样才有可以完全康复。
3、荨麻疹发作会忍不住去抓，但这个病不停的抓并不能止痒，而且还会让患者感觉越抓越痒，因为抓的时候皮肤的温度会长高，让皮肤出现了更多的过敏源病毒，所以导致病情恶化，给治疗带来了难度。

『叁』 杜月笙去世后，留给孟小冬的遗产并不多，孟小冬是如何谋生的

杜月笙虽然没读过多少书，但在他的为人做事中透着一股子精明。他有着过人的投机本领，对权术的玩弄也入木三分，在他打过交道的人中，有前清贵族，有政客军阀，有政府高层，有社会名流，形形色色，不一而足。他觉得钱这种东西会贬值，但人情不会，所以对于各色人等都执理甚恭，倾力结交。

在香港孟小冬大约住了15年后，她应姚玉兰之邀移居台湾。在台湾的孟小冬逐渐闲了下来，打太极拳、遛狗、看电视占满孟小冬的决大部分生活。也许是“冬皇”的名头太过响亮，在台湾时许多人都找上她希望她能出来演出或者指导一番，不过这些人都遭到了她的婉拒。此时的她不愁生计，于是便不愿抛头露面，她说，杜月笙对她情深义重，是对杜月笙的不尊重

『肆』 维生素d与哮喘关系的关系文献检索词怎么用

以知网示范，在搜索页面，点击高级检索

如图所示，可以检索出维生素D与哮喘相关的文献。

『伍』 检索阿司匹林诱发哮喘方面的文献检索词是

根据您所说的情况，考虑可能属于慢性咳嗽的症状，如果伴有舌苔白，受凉劳累则咳嗽加重等，可能属于肺脾气虚导致的症状，建议可选用补肺汤补肺气止咳嗽，同时注意保暖，饮食温热为主。楚雅 长沙

『陆』 住在甲醛超标的房子两年了会不会得白血病

『柒』 求关于寄生虫与哮喘的文献！！！急啊！！

Helminthic infections have been shown to inhibit allergy skin-prick tests and to modify the course of asthma. We evaluated Dermatophagoides pteronyssinusspecific immune responses in patients with asthma by measuring levels of T helper 2 (Th2) cytokines in peripheral blood mononuclear cell (PBMC) cultures. PBMCs from Schistosoma mansoniinfected patients with asthma living in an area of polyhelminthic endemicity proced lower levels of interleukin (IL)5 and IL-4 in response to D. pteronyssinus antigen (Ag) 1 than did PBMCs from helminth-free patients with asthma. In contrast, D. pteronyssinus Ag 1specific proction of IL-10 was higher in helminth-infected patients than in helminth-free patients. The addition of recombinant human IL-10 to D. pteronyssinus Ag 1stimulated cultures of PBMCs from helminth-free patients led to down-molation of proction of IL-5. After helminth-infected patients with asthma received antihelminthic treatment, there was down-molation of D. pteronyssinus Ag 1specific proction of IL-10 in vitro. S. mansoniinfected patients with asthma proce lower levels of Th2 cytokines than do helminth-free patients with asthma, and this molation is likely done by IL-10.

Parasites, Allergy, and Asthma
John Britton, M.D.
University of Nottingham Nottingham, United Kingdom

Asthma is generally more common in developed than developing countries, and within developing countries, it tends to be rare in rural relative to urban populations (1). This indicates either that environmental factors associated with urbanization and affluence cause asthma or that aspects of a rural subsistence lifestyle prevent it. Given the clinical significance of the asthma epidemic in developed countries in recent decades, it is of obvious importance to investigate the factors responsible.

It was first suggested that intestinal parasite infections may be involved, possibly by blockade of allergen-specific IgE binding on mast cells by the high levels of IgE proced in response to the parasite (2), in the early 1970s. Epidemiologic interest in parasite effects persisted into the 1980s but appears to have diminished after a 1985 review concluded that the data "neither refute nor support the theory that parasite infection protects against asthma" (3). Recently however, the parasite hypothesis has again begun to attract attention (4–), and in this issue of AJRCCM (pp. 313–317) Cooper and colleagues (10) report cross-sectional evidence that parasites protect against allergic sensitisation and exercise-inced wheeze, but not other allergic symptoms, in children in Ecuador. Their findings on allergic sensitization are essentially similar to those reported in a subgroup of the same population in another article (11), which also presents data on total and specific IgE, but not symptoms. It is unfortunate that all of these data, if available for all of the participants in the present study, were not presented in a single report.

Several of the recent studies provide evidence of protection by parasites against allergic sensitization. In Gabonese children, Schistosoma infection is associated with a reced risk of skin sensitization to house st mite (6), an effect apparently mediated by interleukin-10 rather than IgE blockade (6, 12). Reced allergic sensitization in the presence of helminth infection is also reported in alts from The Gambia (4), whereas a Venezuelan study has demonstrated that parasite eradication increases allergic skin sensitization and allergen-specific IgE levels in children (13). These findings are all therefore consistent with those of Cooper and colleagues (10, 11).

In relation to wheeze or asthma, however, the data are less clear. The Gabon study did not present data on symptoms (6), but a study from Brazil suggests that asthma may be less severe in children infected with Schistosoma (7). Physician-diagnosed asthma has also been reported to be less common in Taiwanese children infected with pinworm (data on allergic sensitization not presented) (9), again suggesting a protective effect. In the Gambian study, however, neither helminth infection nor allergic sensitization was related to wheeze (4), whereas a study from China has reported an increased risk of childhood asthma as well as allergic sensitization in association with Ascaris infection (14). In Venezuela, eradication of parasites in children with asthma appears to have caused improvement, rather than deterioration, in asthma severity (15). These data are clearly much less indicative of protection against asthma, and the study from Ecuador is equivocal in this respect: parasite infections were associated with reced risks of symptoms of asthma, rhinitis, and eczema, but significantly so only for exercise-inced wheeze (10).

Our own findings in Ethiopia are different again from many of these studies. We have shown a strong and intensity-related rection in the risk of wheeze with parasite infection in independent studies of alts (5) and young children (8), but an increased risk of sensitization to Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus in rural alts infected with parasites, with dissociation from an increased risk of wheeze in the presence of higher-intensity parasite infection (5). In young children, allergic sensitization was unrelated to parasite infections or wheeze (8).

Why do these inconsistencies arise? Aside from false positive and negative findings, one obvious possibility is that some cross-sectional associations are e to confounding by exposure to endotoxin, hepatitis A, allergens, or any of the other factors linked to the etiology of asthma. Hepatitis A infection and Der p1 exposure did not confound our results in alts in Ethiopia (5), but much larger studies than are currently available are necessary to fully resolve these issues. A second explanation is that allergic indivials are less likely to become infected with parasites, itself an attractive explanation for the evolutionary persistence of a common trait with little other obvious survival advantage. A further possibility is that some of these effects are parasite species-specific and that the confusion in the literature arises in part from confounding by infection with more than one parasite. Our studies, and those from the Gabon, are consistent to the extent that they demonstrate effects arising from parasites with a systemic phase in their life cycle (5, 6), in our case particularly hookworm (5). Systemic phase parasites such as the hookworm have developed defense mechanisms to allow them to survive the powerful immune responses mounted against them by the host (16), many of which are also likely to have antiallergic activity. Not all of the available data support this idea, however, and few studies, including this latest (10), have estimated independent effects for indivial parasite species.

Those seeking a simple answer may find the inconsistencies irreconcilable and conclude that this line of investigation is going nowhere. The risk of this is, however, to miss seeing the wood for the trees because many of the effects described in these studies are strong and therefore likely to reflect important etiologic influences. The studies also contain other messages that should not be ignored. Given that allergic sensitization is a strong risk factor for asthma in most developed countries, the consistent lack of association in many of these tropical populations certainly merits further investigation. If valid, the inverse relationships reported in the studies cited also have important implications for current thinking on the role of T-lymphocyte immune polarization in the pathogenesis of allergic disease. Given that eradication of parasite infection is a universal public health goal, it is also important that any potential adverse effects of this policy are properly defined. The article by Cooper and colleagues (10) is a welcome contribution because it provides further evidence that something relevant lies in these associations. The challenge is to understand and apply them to practical benefit.

REFERENCES

Weinberg EG. Urbanization and childhood asthma: an African perspective. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2000;105:224–231.[CrossRef][Medline]
Godfrey RC, Gradidge CF. Allergic sensitisation of human lung fragments prevented by saturation of IgE binding sites. Nature 1976;259:484–486.[CrossRef][Medline]
Masters S, Barrett-Connor E. Parasites and asthma: predictive or protective? Epidemiol Rev 1985;7:49–58.[Free Full Text]
Nyan OA, Walraven GE, Banya WA, Milligan P, Van Der SM, Ceesay SM, Del Prete G, McAdam KP. Atopy, intestinal helminth infection and total serum IgE in rural and urban alt Gambian communities. Clin Exp Allergy 2001;31:1672–1678.[CrossRef][Medline]
Scrivener S, Yemaneberhan H, Zebenigus M, Tilahun D, Girma S, Ali S, McElroy P, Custovic A, Woodcock A, Pritchard D, et al. Independent effects of intestinal parasite infection and domestic allergen exposure on risk of wheeze in Ethiopia: a nested case-control study. Lancet 2001;358:1493–1499.[CrossRef][Medline]
van den Biggelaar AHJ, van Ree R, Rodrigues LC, Lell B, Deelder AM, Kremsner PG, Yazdanbakhsh M. Decreased atopy in children infected with Schistosoma haematobium: a role for parasite-inced interleukin-10. Lancet 2000;356:1723–1727.[CrossRef][Medline]
Medeiros M Jr, Figueiredo JP, Almeida MC, Matos MA, Araujo MI, Cruz AA, Atta AM, Rego MA, De Jesus AR, Taketomi EA, et al. Schistosoma mansoni infection is associated with a reced course of asthma. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2003;111:947–951.[CrossRef][Medline]
Dagoye D, Bekele Z, Woldemichael K, Nida H, Yimam M, Hall A, Venn AJ, Britton J, Hubbard R, Lewis S. Wheezing, allergy and parasite infection in children in urban and rural Ethiopia. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2003;167:1369–1373.[Abstract/Free Full Text]
Huang SL, Tsai PF, Yeh YF. Negative association of Enterobius infestation with asthma and rhinitis in primary school children in Taipei. Clin Exp Allergy 2002;32:1029–1032.[CrossRef][Medline]
Cooper PJ, Chico ME, Bland M, Griffin GE, Nutman TB. Allergic symptoms, atopy, and geohelminth infections in a rural area of Ecuador. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2003;168:313–317.[Abstract/Free Full Text]
Cooper PJ, Chico ME, Rodrigues LC, Ordonez M, Strachan D, Griffin GE, Nutman TB. Reced risk of atopy among school-age children infected with geohelminth parasites in a rural area of the tropics. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2003;111:995–1000.[CrossRef][Medline]
van den Biggelaar AH, Lopuhaa C, van Ree R, van der Zee JS, Jans J, Hoek A, Migombet B, Borrmann S, Luckner D, Kremsner PG, et al. The prevalence of parasite infestation and house st mite sensitization in Gabonese schoolchildren. Int Arch Allergy Immunol 2001;126:231–238.[CrossRef][Medline]
Lynch NR, Hagel I, Perez M, Di Prisco MC, Lopez R, Alvarez N. Effect of anthelmintic treatment on the allergic reactivity of children in a tropical slum. J Allergy Clin Immunol 1993;92:404–411.[CrossRef][Medline]
Palmer LJ, Celedon JC, Weiss ST, Wang BY, Fang ZA, Xu XP. Ascaris lumbricoides infection is associated with increased risk of childhood asthma and atopy in rural China. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2002;165:1489–1493.[Abstract/Free Full Text]
Lynch NR, Palenque M, Hagel I, Di Prisco MC. Clinical improvement of asthma after anthelminthic treatment in a tropical situation. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 1997;156:50–54.[Abstract/Free Full Text]
Loukas A, Prociv P. Immune responses in hookworm infections. Clin Microbiol Rev 2001;14:689–703.[Abstract/Free Full Text]

『捌』 医用文献信息检索的期考大题！！！在线等1！！！！！

数据库，中文的可以用CNKI，万方数据库，英文的可以用ProQuest,EBSCOhost,ScienceDirect,web of science.
关键词你不是列出来的么
卡介苗（Calmette's vaccine）；白介素6（IL-6）；维生素A（vitamin A）;支气管哮喘（bronchial asthma）
检索过程就是打开数据库，输入账号密码，登陆进去，输入关键词，然后再从相关度里面去挑选呗

『玖』 做哮喘模型，赛默飞氢氧化铝佐剂是多少毫升，但是文献里都是多少克，这怎么算

现在哮喘的治疗也是以控制为主，目前还没有完全治愈的办法，其方法也是很多，但是应该根据患者情况选择适合自己的方法。

由于哮喘的病理基础是慢性非特异性炎症，慢性炎症控制气道是哮喘的基本治疗在哮喘的理想的长期控制了重要的作用。常用的药物是吸入糖皮质激素和色素。一些较新的药物，如白三烯调节、激动剂长效β2茶碱控释也有一定的抗炎作用。吸入激素是最基本的控制哮喘治疗的长期稳定性，并且是医疗哮喘的第一行。

对症用药建议：
急性哮喘发作之前，往往有鼻子和粘膜的症状，如打喷嚏，流鼻涕、眼睛发痒流泪、干咳胸闷等。

喘息和呼吸急促：这是哮喘的典型症状，喘息的发作往往是突然的。呼吸困难呼吸困难，其特点是吸气时间短，呼气时间长。患者感到呼气和努力，但有些患者感到呼气和吸气。

咳嗽：咳嗽是哮喘的常见症状，造成气道和支气管痉挛的炎症。干咳通常是哮喘的前兆。当哮喘发作时，咳嗽症状减少了，主要是喘息。

哮喘是否遗传的解释：
支气管哮喘具有非常明显的家族性质。浅表性哮喘与遗传密切相关，但属于“多基因疾病”。环境因素也起着重要作用。因此，遗传只能决定患者的过敏，即是否容易。对各种环境因素的过敏反应，是否是易患哮喘的人群。总之，哮喘之父通常不会直接遗传孩子的哮喘。孩子继承只是过敏性体质（不一定是过敏，这是概率的问题，而且有可能是孩子是完全正常的，健康的，当然孩子将来也有可能患有过敏性鼻炎、湿疹等与免疫系统有关的疾病。

『拾』 解表祛湿的中药有哪些

解表药
发散风寒药
发散风寒用生姜，桂枝紫苏和麻黄，
辛夷胡荽与香薷，白芷葱白加荆防，
羌活藁本苍耳子，柽柳细辛效果良。
发散风热药
发散风热有升麻，浮萍薄荷桑菊花，
柴葛蔓荆牛蒡子，木贼豆豉蝉衣加。
祛风湿药
祛风湿散寒药
除风除湿散寒凝，海风藤茎雷公藤，
独活川乌威灵仙，乌稍蕲蛇寻骨风，
木瓜老鹳伸筋草，蚕沙松节路路通。
祛风湿清热药
祛风除湿消热肿，秦艽海桐臭梧桐，
桑枝防己豨莶草，丝瓜络石穿山龙。
祛风湿强筋骨药
祛风除湿强筋骨，寄生狗脊功不没，
五加根皮千年健，芳香挥发浸酒服。
化湿药
芳香化湿用苍术，藿香佩兰加厚朴，
草果砂仁二豆蔻，温脾健胃寒湿除。
利水渗湿药
利水渗湿药分三，消肿茯苓猪苓先，
泽泻泽漆薏苡仁，冬瓜葫芦荠菜添，
香加皮和玉米须，蝼蛄入药用生干。
利尿通淋关木通，萆薢扁蓄和车前，
瞿麦通草灯心草，石韦滑石海金沙，
莫忘地肤冬葵子，利湿通黄用金钱，
茵陈虎杖地耳草，垂盆全草功夫全。
保济丸由钩藤、菊花、厚朴、苍术、藿香、茯苓、橘红、白芷、薏苡仁、谷芽等组成。其功效解表、祛湿、和中。保济丸用药种类虽多（16味），但药物均为副作用极小的植物药组成，加之配伍合理，君臣佐使分明，既有治病作用，也有防病保健的功效。
临床证明，保济丸为治湿邪侵袭机体引起的感冒、泄泻、呕吐等的有效中成药。方中藿香芳香辛散，解表化湿兼能止呕，苍术、橘红、白芷解表散寒，燥湿宽中，厚朴燥湿除满，下气和中，共为主药。菊花、白蒺藜、薄荷解表祛邪，茯苓、薏苡仁淡渗利湿，神曲、谷芽、木通醒脾健胃，葛根升清止泻，天花粉生津以防阴液受伤，另配钩藤既起清透作用，又可防脾虚肝盛而生风，共为佐使药。诸药配伍，可共奏解表、祛湿、和中之功。
一、解表药
1.1辛温解表药
麻黄：发汗、平喘、利水
桂枝：发汗解表、温经通阳
紫苏：发表散寒、行气宽中、解鱼蟹毒
荆芥：祛风解表、透疹止痒、(炭)
止血
防风：祛风解表、胜湿、止痛、解痉
白芷：祛风解表、燥湿止带、消肿排脓、止痛
生姜：发汗解表、温中止呕、温肺止咳
香薷：发汗解表、和中化湿、利水消肿
羌活：解表散寒、祛风胜湿、止痛
辛夷：散风寒、通鼻窍
藁本：发表散寒、祛风胜湿、止痛
苍耳子：散风寒、通鼻窍、祛风湿、止痛
1.2辛凉解表药
薄荷：疏散风热、清利头目、利咽、透疹
蝉蜕：疏风热、透疹、明目退翳、息风止痉
桑叶：疏风清热、清肝明目
菊花：疏风清热、解毒、明目、平肝
葛根：发表解肌、升阳透疹、解热生津
柴胡：和解退热、疏肝解郁、升举阳气
牛蒡子：疏散风热、解毒透疹、利咽散肿
升麻：发表透疹、清热解毒、升阳举陷
蔓荆子：疏散风热、清利头目
淡豆豉：解表、除烦
二、清热药
2.1清热泻火药
石膏：清热泻火、除烦止渴、收敛生肌
知母：清热泻火、滋阴润燥
栀子:
泻火除烦、清热利湿、凉血解毒、消肿止痛
夏枯草：清肝火、散郁结、降血压
芦根：清热生津、止呕、除烦、利尿
天花粉：清热生津、消肿排脓
淡竹叶：清热除烦、利尿
2.2清热燥湿药
黄芩：清热燥湿、泻火解毒、止血安胎
黄连：清热燥湿、泻火解毒
黄柏：清热燥湿、泻火解毒、退虚热
龙胆草：清热燥湿、泻肝火
苦参：清热燥湿、祛风杀虫、利尿
2.3清热凉血药
生地黄：清热凉血、养阴生津、止血
玄参：清热凉血、解毒、养阴
牡丹皮：清热凉血、活血散瘀、退虚热
赤芍：清热凉血、祛瘀止痛
水牛角：清热、凉血、解毒
紫草：凉血活血、解毒透疹
2.4清热解毒药
金银花：清热解毒、疏散风热、清热解暑(露)
连翘：清热解毒、疏散风热、消痈散结
蒲公英：清热解毒、利湿
大青叶：清热解毒、凉血清斑
牛黄：清热解毒、息风止痉、化痰开窍
鱼腥草：清热解毒、排脓、利尿
射干：清热解毒、祛痰利咽
白头翁：清热、解毒、凉血
板兰根：清热解毒、凉血、利咽
青黛：清热解毒、凉血散肿
土茯苓：解毒、除湿、利关节
山豆根：清热解毒、利咽喉、散肿止痛
白花蛇舌草：清热、利湿、解毒、消痈
紫花地丁：清热解毒
穿心莲：清热解毒、燥湿
马齿苋：清热解毒、凉血止血
马勃：清肺、利咽、解毒、止血
秦皮：清热解毒、清肝明目
白鲜皮：清热解毒、除湿、止痒
鸦胆子：清热解毒、截疟治痢、(外)
腐蚀赘疣
熊胆：清热解毒、止痉、明目
2.5清虚热药
青藁：退虚热、凉血、解暑、截疟
地骨皮：凉血退蒸、清泄肺热
白薇：清热凉血、利尿通淋
银柴胡：退虚热、清疳热
胡黄连：退虚热、除疳热、清湿热